Rancang Bangun Sistem Automatic Transfer Switch Dengan PLTS Sebagai Sumber Cadangan Listrik Terprioritas Pada Sistem Aerasi Kolam Ikan

Abstract

Power outages from the utility grid frequently pose significant challenges in aquaculture, as they interrupt the aeration process, reduce dissolved oxygen levels, and increase the risk of mass fish mortality. This study aims to design and develop an Automatic Transfer Switch (ATS) system integrated with an off-grid photovoltaic (PV) system as the prioritized backup power source for fish pond aeration. The proposed system consists of a 20 Wp solar panel, a 10 A PWM Solar Charge Controller (SCC), a 12 V 12 Ah battery, a 300 W inverter, an MK2P-I relay as the main switching component, and a Miniature Circuit Breaker (MCB) for electrical protection. The system design was first validated through SimuRelay simulation before being implemented as a hardware prototype. Experimental results demonstrate that the ATS successfully performs automatic power source switching with an average transfer time of 0.096 seconds. The inverter provides a stable output voltage ranging from 235 to 241 V AC during operation. Furthermore, the backup system is capable of supplying a 20 W aerator load for approximately 5 hours. The relay and protection system also effectively withstand the induction motor's inrush current without triggering unwanted MCB trips. These findings indicate that the proposed ATS based on an off-grid PV system is a reliable backup power solution for maintaining continuous aeration in fish pond applications.