Senyawa Bioaktif dari Tanaman sebagai Kandidat Terapi Gangguan Spektrum Autisme
Kata Kunci:
antioxidant, autism, traditional medicine, neurotransmitter, herbalAbstrak
Indonesia memiliki sumber kekayaan alam terbesar kedua di dunia. Studi literatur ini dimaksudkan untuk merangkum penggunaan obat herbal dan tradisional dalam penanganan autisme pada terapi tambahan. Tanaman obat yang efektif untuk autisme menunjukkan aktivitas antioksidan yang kuat dikombinasikan dengan aktivitas anti-inflamasi dan efek pada neurotransmiter. Penelitian dilakukan dengan metode studi literatur menggunakan database Pubmed, Google Scholar, serta Science Direct dan menggunakan kombinasi berbeda dari kata kunci autis, ASD, herbal, traditional plant, neutrotransmitter. Hasil review beberapa artikel menunjukkan bahwa tanaman pegagan, ginko biloba, dan ginseng mengandung potensi sebagai kandidat terapi bagi pasien ASD. Tumbuhan sebagai pengobatan tradisional dan sumber penting senyawa farmasi modern, memiliki potensi besar dalam mendukung kesejahteraan dan mengelola gejala kompleks pada penyandang autisme.
Referensi
Bertolino, B., Crupi, R., Impellizzeri, D., Bruschetta, G., Cordaro, M., Siracusa, R., Esposito, E., & Cuzzocrea, S. (2017). Beneficial Effects of Co-Ultramicronized Palmitoylethanolamide/Luteolin in a Mouse Model of Autism and in a Case Report of Autism. CNS Neuroscience and Therapeutics, 23(1), 87–98. https://doi.org/10.1111/cns.12648
Cruz-Martins, N., Quispe, C., Kirkin, C., Şenol, E., Zuluǧ, A., Özçelik, B., Ademiluyi, A. O., Oyeniran, O. H., Semwal, P., Kumar, M., Sharopov, F., López, V., Les, F., Bagiu, I. C., Butnariu, M., Sharifi-Rad, J., Alshehri, M. M., & Cho, W. C. (2021). Paving Plant-Food-Derived Bioactives as Effective Therapeutic Agents in Autism Spectrum Disorder. Oxidative Medicine and Cellular Longevity, 2021, 1. https://doi.org/10.1155/2021/1131280
Devarkar, V. D. (2025). Traditional Herbal Approaches to the Management of Autism Spectrum Disorder (ASD): A Review. Plantae Scientia, 8(1), 9–14. https://doi.org/10.32439/ps.v8i1.9-14
Hasanzadeh, E., Mohammadi, M. R., Ghanizadeh, A., Rezazadeh, S. A., Tabrizi, M., Rezaei, F., & Akhondzadeh, S. (2012). A double-blind placebo controlled trial of ginkgo biloba added to risperidone in patients with autistic disorders. Child Psychiatry and Human Development, 43(5), 674–682. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10578-012-0292-3
Kardani, A., Soltani, A., Sewell, R. D. E., Shahrani, M., & Rafieian-Kopaei, M. (2019). Neurotransmitter, Antioxidant and Anti-neuroinflammatory Mechanistic Potentials of Herbal Medicines in Ameliorating Autism Spectrum Disorder. Current Pharmaceutical Design, 25(41), 4421–4429. https://doi.org/10.2174/1381612825666191112143940
Mansor, N. I., Ling, K. H., Rosli, R., Hassan, Z., Adenan, M. I., & Nordin, N. (2023). Centella asiatica (L.) Urban. Attenuates Cell Damage in Hydrogen Peroxide-Induced Oxidative Stress in Transgenic Murine Embryonic Stem Cell Line-Derived Neural-Like Cells: A Preliminary Study for Potential Treatment of Alzheimer’s Disease. Journal of Alzheimer’s Disease, 94(s1), S21–S44. https://doi.org/10.3233/JAD-221233
Orhan, I. E. (2012). Centella asiatica (L.) Urban: From traditional medicine to modern medicine with neuroprotective potential. Evidence-Based Complementary and Alternative Medicine, 2012. https://doi.org/10.1155/2012/946259
Orouji, N., Karimi, M., Sadat-Shirazi, M. S., & Zargaran, A. (2024). A Narrative Review of Effective Herbal and Traditional Medicines on Management of Autism. Traditional and Integrative Medicine, 9(4), 478–487. https://doi.org/10.18502/tim.v9i4.17480
Rossignol, D. A., & Frye, R. E. (2014). The use of medications approved for Alzheimer’s disease in autism spectrum disorder: A systematic review. Frontiers in Pediatrics, 2(AUG). https://doi.org/10.3389/fped.2014.00087
Sachdeva, P., Mehdi, I., Kaith, R., Ahmad, F., & Anwar, M. S. (2022). Potential natural products for the management of autism spectrum disorder. Ibrain, 8(3), 365–376. https://doi.org/10.1002/ibra.12050
Saki, K. (2018). Autism: Synthetic-and plant-derived control and treatment. International Journal of Green Pharmacy, 12(3), 483–489.
Sevindik, M., Mohammed, F. S., & Uysal, I. (2023). Autism: plants with neuro-psychopharmacotherapeutic potential. Prospects in Pharmaceutical Sciences, 21(3), 38–48. https://doi.org/10.56782/pps.143
Omar, N. S., Akmal Che Zakaria, Z., Sue Mian, T., Zurinah Wan Ngah, W., Mazlan, M., Raja Muda Abdul Aziz, J., & Lumpur, K. (2011). Centella asiatica modulates neuron cell survival by altering caspase-9 pathway. Journal of Medicinal Plants Research, 5(11), 2201–2109. http://www.academicjournals.org/JMPR
Sivamaruthi, B. S., Suganthy, N., Kesika, P., & Chaiyasut, C. (2020). The role of microbiome, dietary supplements, and probiotics in autism spectrum disorder. International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health, 17(8). https://doi.org/10.3390/ijerph17082647
Wanasuntronwong, A., Tantisira, M. H., Tantisira, B., & Watanabe, H. (2012). Anxiolytic effects of standardized extract of Centella asiatica (ECa 233) after chronic immobilization stress in mice. Journal of Ethnopharmacology, 143(2), 579–585. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jep.2012.07.010
Cruz-Martins, N., Quispe, C., Kirkin, C., Şenol, E., Zuluǧ, A., Özçelik, B., Ademiluyi, A. O., Oyeniran, O. H., Semwal, P., Kumar, M., Sharopov, F., López, V., Les, F., Bagiu, I. C., Butnariu, M., Sharifi-Rad, J., Alshehri, M. M., & Cho, W. C. (2021). Paving Plant-Food-Derived Bioactives as Effective Therapeutic Agents in Autism Spectrum Disorder. Oxidative Medicine and Cellular Longevity, 2021, 1. https://doi.org/10.1155/2021/1131280
Devarkar, V. D. (2025). Traditional Herbal Approaches to the Management of Autism Spectrum Disorder (ASD): A Review. Plantae Scientia, 8(1), 9–14. https://doi.org/10.32439/ps.v8i1.9-14
Hasanzadeh, E., Mohammadi, M. R., Ghanizadeh, A., Rezazadeh, S. A., Tabrizi, M., Rezaei, F., & Akhondzadeh, S. (2012). A double-blind placebo controlled trial of ginkgo biloba added to risperidone in patients with autistic disorders. Child Psychiatry and Human Development, 43(5), 674–682. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10578-012-0292-3
Kardani, A., Soltani, A., Sewell, R. D. E., Shahrani, M., & Rafieian-Kopaei, M. (2019). Neurotransmitter, Antioxidant and Anti-neuroinflammatory Mechanistic Potentials of Herbal Medicines in Ameliorating Autism Spectrum Disorder. Current Pharmaceutical Design, 25(41), 4421–4429. https://doi.org/10.2174/1381612825666191112143940
Mansor, N. I., Ling, K. H., Rosli, R., Hassan, Z., Adenan, M. I., & Nordin, N. (2023). Centella asiatica (L.) Urban. Attenuates Cell Damage in Hydrogen Peroxide-Induced Oxidative Stress in Transgenic Murine Embryonic Stem Cell Line-Derived Neural-Like Cells: A Preliminary Study for Potential Treatment of Alzheimer’s Disease. Journal of Alzheimer’s Disease, 94(s1), S21–S44. https://doi.org/10.3233/JAD-221233
Orhan, I. E. (2012). Centella asiatica (L.) Urban: From traditional medicine to modern medicine with neuroprotective potential. Evidence-Based Complementary and Alternative Medicine, 2012. https://doi.org/10.1155/2012/946259
Orouji, N., Karimi, M., Sadat-Shirazi, M. S., & Zargaran, A. (2024). A Narrative Review of Effective Herbal and Traditional Medicines on Management of Autism. Traditional and Integrative Medicine, 9(4), 478–487. https://doi.org/10.18502/tim.v9i4.17480
Rossignol, D. A., & Frye, R. E. (2014). The use of medications approved for Alzheimer’s disease in autism spectrum disorder: A systematic review. Frontiers in Pediatrics, 2(AUG). https://doi.org/10.3389/fped.2014.00087
Sachdeva, P., Mehdi, I., Kaith, R., Ahmad, F., & Anwar, M. S. (2022). Potential natural products for the management of autism spectrum disorder. Ibrain, 8(3), 365–376. https://doi.org/10.1002/ibra.12050
Saki, K. (2018). Autism: Synthetic-and plant-derived control and treatment. International Journal of Green Pharmacy, 12(3), 483–489.
Sevindik, M., Mohammed, F. S., & Uysal, I. (2023). Autism: plants with neuro-psychopharmacotherapeutic potential. Prospects in Pharmaceutical Sciences, 21(3), 38–48. https://doi.org/10.56782/pps.143
Omar, N. S., Akmal Che Zakaria, Z., Sue Mian, T., Zurinah Wan Ngah, W., Mazlan, M., Raja Muda Abdul Aziz, J., & Lumpur, K. (2011). Centella asiatica modulates neuron cell survival by altering caspase-9 pathway. Journal of Medicinal Plants Research, 5(11), 2201–2109. http://www.academicjournals.org/JMPR
Sivamaruthi, B. S., Suganthy, N., Kesika, P., & Chaiyasut, C. (2020). The role of microbiome, dietary supplements, and probiotics in autism spectrum disorder. International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health, 17(8). https://doi.org/10.3390/ijerph17082647
Wanasuntronwong, A., Tantisira, M. H., Tantisira, B., & Watanabe, H. (2012). Anxiolytic effects of standardized extract of Centella asiatica (ECa 233) after chronic immobilization stress in mice. Journal of Ethnopharmacology, 143(2), 579–585. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jep.2012.07.010
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2025-11-13
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