Literature Review: A Comparison of the Antibacterial Activity of Ten Plant Extracts Against Escherichia coli
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.37277/sfj.v19i2.2654Keywords:
Uji Aktivitas Antimikroba, Antibakteri Escherichia coli, Ekstrak TanamanAbstract
Escherichia coli bacterial infections are the leading cause of diarrhea and various infectious diseases in Indonesia, with more than 7 million cases of diarrhea reported each year. The increasing resistance of E. coli to synthetic antibiotics such as ampicillin and fluoroquinolones has driven the need for alternative treatments based on natural ingredients. Indonesia possesses vast biological diversity, with thousands of plants that have traditionally been used as medicine and have been shown to contain active secondary metabolites. This literature review aims to quantitatively compare the antibacterial efficacy of ten plant extracts against E. coli based on inhibition zone diameter, identify the active compounds involved, and examine the influence of extraction methods and concentrations on antibacterial activity. The study was conducted using a systematic literature review method via the Google Scholar database, encompassing ten in vitro experimental research articles published between 2016 and 2025 that employed the agar diffusion method. The results of the study showed that all extracts were able to inhibit the growth of E. coli, with the 90% ethanol extract of Madagascar periwinkle (Catharanthus roseus (L.) ) leaves yielding the highest inhibition zone of 22.6 mm (very strong), followed by sengkubak (Pycnarrhena cauliflora) at 17.36 mm and guava (Psidium guajava) leaves at 15.94 mm, both classified as strong. Muli bananas (Musa acuminata) and white frangipani flowers (Plumeria acuminata) exhibited the lowest antibacterial activity, with inhibition zones of 5.63 mm and 5.00 mm, respectively, both classified as moderate. Antibacterial activity is influenced by the type and concentration of secondary metabolites, the solvent used, and the complexity of the E. coli cell wall as a Gram-negative bacterium. These plants have the potential to be developed as natural sources of antibacterial agents to address antibiotic resistance.
References
Ardiansah, N., Ifaya, M., & Fauziah, R. (2025). Uji Aktivitas Antimikroba Ekstrak Etanol Daun Meistera chinensis Terhadap Bakteri Escherichia coli dan Jamur Candida albicans. Jurnal Pharmacia Mandala Waluya, 4(2), 142–155. https://doi.org/10.54883/JPMW.V4I2.313
Arta, T. K., & Ekarini, N. (2021). Pewarna alam dari Daun Kakao (Theobroma cacao) untuk Produk Fesyen Zero Waste Prosiding Seminar Nasional Industri Kerajinan Dan Batik, 3(1), C.11 1-10. https://proceeding.batik.go.id/index.php/SNBK/article/view/123
Astara Ginarana, 1518011167. (2019). Uji Aktivitas Antibakteri Formulasi Gel Ekstrak Daun Kelor (Moringa oleifera) terhadap Staphylococcus aureus.
Cushnie, T. P. T., Cushnie, B., & Lamb, A. J. (2014). Alkaloids: An overview of their antibacterial, antibiotic-enhancing and antivirulence activities. International Journal of Antimicrobial Agents, 44(5), 377–386. https://doi.org/10.1016/J.IJANTIMICAG.2014.06.001
Danciu, C., Vlaia, L., Fetea, F., Hancianu, M., Coricovac, D. E., Ciurlea, S. A., Şoica, C. M., Marincu, I., Vlaia, V., Dehelean, C. A., & Trandafirescu, C. (2015). Evaluation of phenolic profile, antioxidant and anticancer potential of two main representants of Zingiberaceae family against B164A5 murine melanoma cells. Biological Research 2015 48:1, 48(1), 1-. https://doi.org/10.1186/0717-6287-48-1
Davis, W. W., & Stout, T. R. (1971). Disc Plate Method of Microbiological Antibiotic Assay: II. Novel Procedure Offering Improved Accuracy. Applied Microbiology, 22(4), 666. https://doi.org/10.1128/AM.22.4.666-670.1971
Elhany, N. A., Rani, D. E. P., & Fatimah, S. (2024, June 1). Uji Sensitivitas Bakteri Escherichia coli terhadap Ekstrak Daun Kelor (Moringa oleifera L.). Biogenic: Jurnal Ilmiah Biologi. Jurnal Ilmiah Biologi. https://unars.ac.id/ojs/index.php/biogenic/article/view/4921
Fadllullah, A., & Natalia, T. (2026). Sistem Klasifikasi Citra Daun Obat Tradisional Dayak Kenyah Menggunakan Metode Convolutional Neural Network Dengan Arsitektur MobileNetV2. Infomatek, 28(1), 121–128. https://doi.org/10.23969/INFOMATEK.V28I1.36796
Fauzan, S., Feralia Rahmadani, D., Shinta Devi, L., Akyun, Q., & Aulia, W. (2020). Pemberdayaan Masyarakat Desa Seketi Melalui Inovasi Olahan Jahe Merah 2(2).
Fransisca, D., Kahanjak, D. N., & Frethernety, A. (2020a). Uji aktivitas antibakteri ekstrak etanol daun sungkai (Peronema canescens Jack) terhadap pertumbuhan Escherichia coli dengan metode difusi cakram Kirby-Bauer. Jurnal Pengelolaan Lingkungan Berkelanjutan (Journal of Environmental Sustainability Management), 2020(1), 460–470. https://doi.org/10.36813/JPLB.4.1.460-470
Fransisca, D., Kahanjak, D. N., & Frethernety, A. (2020b). Uji aktivitas antibakteri ekstrak etanol daun sungkai (Peronema canescens Jack) terhadap pertumbuhan Escherichia coli dengan metode difusi cakram Kirby-Bauer. Jurnal Pengelolaan Lingkungan Berkelanjutan (Journal of Environmental Sustainability Management), 2020(1), 460–470. https://doi.org/10.36813/JPLB.4.1.460-470
Handrianto, P., & Surabaya, A. F. (2016). Uji Antibakteri Ekstrak Jahe Merah Zingiber officinale var. Rubrum terhadap Staphylococcus aureus dan Escherichia coli. Journal of Research and Technology, 2(1), 1–4. https://doi.org/10.55732/JRT.V2I1.259
Hardiana, H., Safrida, Y. D., Adriani, A., & Azkia, H. (2024). Uji Daya Hambat Ekstrak Etanol Daun Tapak Dara (Catharanthus roseus) terhadap Pertumbuhan Bakteri Escherichia coli. Jurnal Sains Dan Kesehatan Darussalam, 4(2), 99–106. https://doi.org/10.56690/JSKD.V4I2.152
Hayati, A. R., Singkam, A. R., & Jumiarni, D. (2022). Uji Antibakteri Ekstrak Etanol Daun Theobroma cacao L. terhadap Pertumbuhan Escherichia coli dengan Metode Difusi Cakram. Bioedusains : Jurnal Pendidikan Biologi Dan Sains, 5(1), 31–40. https://doi.org/10.31539/BIOEDUSAINS.V5I1.3160
Kadek Yunita Sari, N., Lerin Sintia, P., Wayan Deswiniyanti, N., Agung Ayu Putri Permatasari, A., Studi Biologi, P., Kesehatan, F., & Universitas Dhyana Pura Bali, T. (2023). AKTIVITAS ANTIMIKROBA INFUSA DAN EKSTRAK BUNGA KAMBOJA PUTIH (Plumeria acuminata) SECARA IN VITRO. Jurnal Kesehatan Terpadu, 7(1). https://doi.org/10.36002/JKT.V7I1.2495
Kemenkes RI. (2019). https://www.kemkes.go.id/id/home
Kusuma, S. N. (2017). Kajian Daya Hambat Ekstrak Kulit dan Jantung Pisang Muli (Musa acuminata) sebagai Antimikroba alami dalam menurunkan cemaran Escherichia coli pada Daging Ayam (Gallus domesticus).
Mufti, N., Bahar, E., & Arisanti, D. (2017). Uji Daya Hambat Ekstrak Daun Sawo terhadap Bakteri Escherichia coli secara In Vitro. Jurnal Kesehatan Andalas, 6(2), 289–294. https://doi.org/10.25077/JKA.V6I2.693
Musdalipah, M., Tee, S.A., Karmilah, K., Sahidin, S., Fristiohady, A., & Yodha, A.W.M. (2021). Total Phenolic and Flavonoid Content, Antioxidant, and Toxicity Test with BSLT of Meistera chinensis Fruit Fraction from Southeast Sulawesi. Borneo Journal of Pharmacy, 4(1), 6–15. https://doi.org/10.33084/BJOP.V4I1.1686
Noviarni, I. (2023). Review Artikel: Potensi Ekstrak Daun Sungkai (Peronema canescens Jack.) sebagai Antioksidan. JSSIT: Jurnal Sains Dan Sains Terapan, 1(1). https://doi.org/10.30631/JSSIT.V1I1.2
Novitasari, I., Linda, R., Kurniatuhadi, R., Tanjungpura, U., Prof, J., Nawawi, H., Laut, B., & Pontianak, K. (2022). Aktivitas Antibakteri Ekstrak Metanol Daun Sengkubak (Pycnarrhena cauliflora) Terhadap Bakteri Eschericia coli dan Staphylococcus aureus. Biologica Samudra, 4(2), 116–122. https://doi.org/10.33059/JBS.V4I2.5043
Rinanto Cipto Dwi Saputro, I., Purwanto, A., Studi Biologi, P., Pertanian, F., Etanol, E., Biji, J., Coli, E., & Silinder, D. (2022). Uji Aktivitas Antibakteri Ekstrak Etanol Daun Jambu Biji (Psidium Guajava L.) terhadap Escherichia coli dengan Metode Difusi Silinder. JIIP - Jurnal Ilmiah Ilmu Pendidikan, 5(6), 1900–1905. https://doi.org/10.54371/JIIP.V5I6.659
Sartika, D., Herdiana, N., & kusuma, S.N. (2019). Aktivitas Antimikroba Ekstrak Kulit dan Jantung Pisang Muli (Musa Acuminata) terhadap Bakteri Escherichia coli.
Satyarsa, A. B. S. (2019). Potential Effects of Alkaloid vindolicine Substances in Tapak Dara Leafs (Catharanthus roseus (L.) G. Don) in Reducing Blood Glucose Levels. Journal of Medicine and Health, 2(4). https://doi.org/10.28932/JMH.V2I4.1057
Sinaga, B., Sondak, E. S., & Ningsih, A. W. (2021, December). Pengaruh metode pengeringan terhadap kualitas simplisia Daun Jambu Biji Merah Psidium guajava L.). Jurnal Jamu Kusuma. https://jurnaljamukusuma.com/index.php/jurnaljamukusuma/article/view/12/12
Studi, P., Kimia, T., Ahmad, P., Utoro, R., Permatasari, N. D., & Witoyo, J. E. (2024). Profil Fitokimia dan Bioaktivitas Ekstrak Daun Sawo : Sebuah Ulasan Ilmiah. CHEMTAG Journal of Chemical Engineering, 5(2), 19–29. https://doi.org/10.56444/CJCE.V5I2.5120
